Blog

Analysis on enterprise AI governance, inline policy enforcement, agentic AI security, and regulatory compliance.

AI Gateway TLS Termination: Why the Inspection Point Has to Decrypt the Request Body

An AI gateway terminates the outbound TLS session to the LLM provider so the inspection point can read the JSON request body in plaintext, classify the prompt content, evaluate identity-aware policy, and write a per-decision audit record. The architectural choice differs from a pass-through proxy at three points: control of the certificate chain, decryption authority over the prompt body, and re-encryption to the upstream provider with the gateway-managed identity. I walk through how the termination works, what it costs, and what the 2026 compliance set requires from the inspection point.

Platform & Architectureai-gatewaytlsengineeringai-securityenforcementarchitecture
Read post →

Prompt Injection Defense in Depth: The Three Inspection Layers That Compose

Prompt injection defense in depth combines three inspection layers: request-path classification that flags suspicious instructions in the prompt, model-side safety training that resists injection during inference, and response-path inspection that catches successful injections in the model output. No single layer catches every attack. The combination produces stronger coverage than any layer in isolation. I walk through what each layer sees, where each one is blind, and how the audit record reconciles the decisions across layers.

Problem-Awareprompt-injectionai-securitydefense-in-depthenforcementllm-securityowasp
Read post →

AI Gateway Rate Limiting: Identity-Aware Quotas at the LLM Request Boundary

AI gateway rate limiting enforces request quotas at the LLM request boundary against identity, role, model destination, and data classification. The pattern differs from a traditional API rate limit at three points: token-based budgeting that accounts for prompt and completion tokens, identity-aware quotas that bind to the caller rather than the source IP, and policy-coupled enforcement that integrates with the same gate that handles classification and audit. I walk through the quota model, the enforcement points, and where rate limiting sits relative to cost control and compliance evidence.

Platform & Architectureai-gatewayrate-limitingengineeringai-securityenforcementcost-control
Read post →

Prevent Data Leaks to ChatGPT: The Inspection Point Your Endpoint Stack Lacks

Cloud Radix found 77% of employees using unauthorized AI tools paste sensitive business data into ChatGPT and similar models. The endpoint, network, and email stacks most enterprises run today were tuned for files and email and miss the JSON request body where the prompt actually lives. I walk through the inspection point that closes the gap, the four operations it performs on every prompt, and the audit record it produces for the compliance regimes the deployment is operating under in 2026.

Problem-Awareshadow-aichatgptdata-protectionai-dlpai-securityenforcement
Read post →

LLM DLP vs Traditional DLP: Why the Two Controls Operate on Different Data Channels

Traditional DLP inspects file movements, email egress, and known data shapes on the network. LLM DLP inspects prompt content and model responses at the AI request boundary. The two controls operate on different data channels and produce different evidence. I walk through what each control sees, where each one is blind, and why the EU AI Act Article 12 obligations require a control at the LLM request layer that traditional DLP architectures cannot satisfy.

AI Security Solutionsllm-dlpai-dlpdata-protectionai-securitycomplianceeu-ai-act
Read post →

AI Response Redaction: The Return-Path Inspection Step Most LLM Deployments Skip

AI response redaction inspects the model output before it reaches the caller and rewrites or blocks any segment that fails policy. The return path matters because LLMs reconstruct sensitive content from training data, retrieve PHI or PII from connected stores, and generate prohibited disclosures even when the prompt was clean. I walk through where response redaction sits in the AI gateway pattern, what the policy decision actually evaluates, and how it satisfies EU AI Act Article 12 and the NIST AI RMF Measure function.

AI Security Solutionsai-dlpai-securityenforcementredactionauditcompliance
Read post →

AI Security Proxy: What the Pattern Is and How It Differs from Traditional Web Proxies

An AI security proxy intercepts HTTP traffic between authenticated users or agents and LLM APIs, evaluates each request against identity-bound policy, and writes a per-decision audit record before the response returns. The pattern differs from the traditional forward proxy at four architectural points: prompt-level data classification, identity binding at the request layer, fail-closed policy evaluation, and tamper-evident audit independence. I walk through the architecture and where it fits in the 2026 enterprise AI stack.

Platform & Architectureai-securityai-gatewayenforcementarchitectureauditai-proxy
Read post →

EU AI Act Fines vs GDPR Fines: How the Two Penalty Regimes Compare

The EU AI Act and GDPR operate parallel penalty regimes. GDPR caps the highest tier at 20 million EUR or 4% of global annual turnover. The AI Act caps its highest tier at 35 million EUR or 7% for prohibited AI practices, with 15 million EUR or 3% for high-risk non-compliance and 7.5 million EUR or 1% for misleading information. The two regimes can apply concurrently. This piece walks through the tiers, the trigger conditions, the enforcement bodies, and where the obligations actually overlap.

Compliance & Regulationeu-ai-actgdprcompliancepenaltiesregulationfines
Read post →

AI Security Buying Guide: How to Evaluate Vendors Against the 2026 Compliance Stack

The AI security vendor landscape in 2026 splits across model-side guardrails, browser extensions, CASB integrations, ML observability, and identity-aware proxies. Each category solves a different problem and produces different evidence. This buying guide walks through the ten questions a CISO or compliance lead should ask any AI security vendor before purchase. The questions reflect the EU AI Act, NIST AI RMF, ISO 42001, and sector frameworks the buyer is buying against. The aim is an architectural fit decision, not a feature-checklist comparison.

Comparisons & Alternativesai-securitybuying-guidevendor-evaluationcomplianceeu-ai-actprocurement
Read post →

Per-Role AI Policies: How to Operationalize Identity-Bound AI Authorization

Per-role AI policies authorize what a user can do with AI based on the role the user holds inside the deployer organization. The policy expresses which models a role can call, which data classifications the role can include in prompts, which destinations and actions the role can target, and what oversight applies. The pattern is the AI extension of the role-based access control model the rest of the enterprise security stack already operates. The piece walks through what a per-role AI policy actually contains, how it propagates through the request path, and where it satisfies the regulatory authorization requirements.

AI Security Solutionsai-policyrbacauthorizationai-securityenforcementidentity
Read post →

AI Inline Enforcement: The Architectural Pattern Compliance Frameworks Assume

AI inline enforcement is the architectural pattern where policy decisions on AI traffic happen at the moment of the request, in the request path, before the prompt reaches the model. The pattern contrasts with post-hoc detection that observes traffic after the fact and out-of-band approval flows that gate AI usage at provisioning time. The 2026 compliance frameworks, the 22-second median attacker handoff time, and the per-decision audit obligation all assume inline enforcement is the operating layer. The piece walks through what inline means, what it produces, and why the alternatives fall short.

AI Security Solutionsai-enforcementai-securityarchitectureai-gatewaycomplianceenforcement
Read post →

Stateless AI Proxy: Why the Pattern Wins for Enforcement at Scale

A stateless AI proxy is an enforcement layer for LLM traffic that does not retain per-conversation state across requests. Each request is evaluated against policy using only the inputs that arrive with the request: identity, prompt content, data classification, model destination. The architectural property matters for horizontal scaling, failure isolation, and audit independence. The piece walks through why the stateless pattern wins for enforcement-grade AI proxies, where session-state requirements live instead, and what the latency math looks like.

Platform & Architectureai-proxyarchitectureenforcementai-gatewayengineeringai-security
Read post →